Where is intelligence situated? In the human brain? In individual living organisms? In groups? In the community? Globally?

How does learning occur?

• Transmission from expert to student
• Transaction expert discussion with student
• Constructed independently
• Emergent a relational process

Shifting paradigms metaphor of knowledge as a building, replaces knowledge as transmission. Shift in understanding education complexity and ecological = objects of knowledge as facts.

Eco-map developed with Hartman and Leud 1983 has been used for social work education. John Coates (2003) challenges notion of individual and says we are challenged to see our impact.

Enactivism – an ecological learning theory development occurs via processed of self-organisation and interdependence. Does not focus on process components. Principles of are reality, mind, cognition, knowledge and learning.

Agency is important. Learning also requires diversity, critical thinking and analysis, shared interests and needs, ability to communicate and interact and decentralised control.

Educators role (Fenwick 2000) facilitates emergence of new structures by promoting reflection, challenging, providing feedback, establishing structures and constraints and monitoring community.